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KMID : 0385320060170010049
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Journal of Korean Psychoanalytic Society
2006 Volume.17 No. 1 p.49 ~ p.57
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Comparison of Melanie Klein with Sigmund Freud
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Lee Byung-Wook
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Abstract
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Ego psychology and object relations theory have been the central basis in the modern psychoanalytic knowledge theoretically and technically. Freud paved the foundation of ego psychology, but he did not give up the libido theory. He tried to explain the root of neurosis as the childhood neurosis within adult mind, but Klein tried to explore the infantile psychotic conditions within child mind. Hence they were destined to take their own line by unique approaching methodology and experiences. I summarize the basic changes from Freudian concepts and techniques to Kleinian’s as follows： From pleasure-seeking to object-seeking From phallus-centered to breast-centered From sexuality to aggression From memory to phantasy From stages to positions From whole object relations to part object relations From repression to splitting and projective identification From triangular model to dyadic model From incestuous wish to disintegrated love & hate From castration fear to separation fear From jealousy to envy From father role to mother role From one person psychology to two person psychology Nonetheless there were the similarities between the Freudian and Kleinian concepts, for example, they shared to the importance of the unconscious phantasy, structural theory, the concept of thanatos, libido functions, ego defense mechanisms, etc. Freud’s ego concept was modified by his follower Hartmann, and Klein’s object concept was modified by the middle group theorists as like Fairbairn, Winnicott, etc. Therefore strictly speaking, we could not consider to Freud as pure ego psychologist, and Klein as pure object relation theorist. And for a long time Kleinian concepts and techniques had been disregarded by the classical psychoanalysts, but nowadays accepted to the part of main stream of psychoanalysis, and furthermore the continuous trial and error to graft both theories has been performed by a few psychoanalysts.
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KEYWORD
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Klein, Freud, Ego, Object
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